Modification 0001:
Part 1 - Added Teaming Partner List
Part 1 - Adjusted LOI character limit to 6000
Part 1 - Removed environmental forms
Part 2 - Updated research security training requirement
The field test activities to be funded through this Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) seek to advance DOE’s goals and commitment to pushing the frontiers of science and engineering, advancing energy addition, and unleashing American energy innovation.
Geothermal resources can be found nationwide and represent vast domestic energy potential; however, only a fraction of this potential has been realized due to technical and non-technical barriers that constrain industry growth.
The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Geothermal (OG) 2019 GeoVision and subsequent analyses demonstrate that, with aggressive technology improvements, geothermal power generation could provide 300 gigawatts-electric (GWe) or more of firm, flexible power to the U.S. grid by 2050.
The Topics in this NOFO cover several next-generation approaches to geothermal development as well as a single Topic directed at drilling related to exploration, characterization, and confirmation activities that will gather data to support both next-generation and conventional hydrothermal resource development for potential electrical power generation. For the purposes of this NOFO, the term “next-generation geothermal” is used to refer to both enhanced geothermal systems and closed-loop geothermal technology spaces.
Through the advancements at DOE’s Utah Frontier Observatory for Research in Geothermal Energy (FORGE) and recent commercial development, enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) are the most mature of the next-generation geothermal technologies and currently offer the greatest potential for power generation per drilled foot. During EGS development, subsurface permeability is enhanced via safe, well-engineered reservoir stimulation processes that re-open pre-existing fractures and/or create new ones. These open conduits increase permeability and allow fluid to circulate throughout the hot rock. The fluid transports the otherwise stranded heat to the surface where reliable, secure renewable electricity can be generated with current power generation technologies.
In addition to EGS, closed-loop development approaches have garnered the attention of the broader community and provide additional potential for expanding geothermal deployment. Closed-loop concepts for geothermal development include a wide range of approaches where the heat transfer fluid is contained within the wellbore and heat transfer occurs between the borehole wall and the circulating fluid. Although the approach is constrained by limited contact with the hot subsurface rock (and limited heat transfer), it does offer some desirable attributes that can complement EGS development.
Geothermal energy is used across a broad range of temperatures and applications that include both electricity production and direct use of thermal energy. Similar to the potential for electricity production, the non-electric direct use sector has enormous potential for growth that can range from basic heating and cooling to process heat for industrial applications. At the high end of electricity production are superhot systems (>375°C), which have potential to dramatically increase the power density on a per well basis, but this harsh and high temperature subsurface environment presents significant challenges in the construction and completion of wells and EGS reservoir development.
Broadly, developing subsurface resources begins in the exploration phase. This phase typically starts with surface-based observations using a variety of geological, geophysical, and geochemical approaches. The synthesis of these data provides targets for more expensive exploration activities. In the case of geothermal, more expensive exploration activities mean drilling resource characterization/confirmation wells, which require significant investment on the part of the developer— a factor that is true for next-generation as well as conventional hydrothermal development approaches.
The Topic Areas addressed under this NOFO
Topic Area 1: EGS Field Tests
Field tests at sites with potential for eventual electric power generation using EGS approaches.
Topic Area 2: Closed-Loop Field Tests, Drilling Required (CLOSED FOR THIS ROUND)
Field tests at sites with potential for eventual electric power generation using closed-loop approaches where new well drilling or additional drilling in an existing well will be required.
Topic Area 3: Closed-Loop Field Tests, No Drilling Required (CLOSED FOR THIS ROUND)
Field tests at sites with potential for eventual electric power generation using closed-loop approaches where existing wells are used with no additional drilling (workover operations are allowed).
Topic Area 4: Super-Hot/Supercritical Field Tests (CLOSED FOR THIS ROUND)
Field tests using next-generation approaches (EGS or closed-loop) at locations where superhot/supercritical temperatures (>375°C) are expected.
Topic Area 5: Direct Use/Thermal Field Tests (CLOSED FOR THIS ROUND)
Field tests at sites using next-generation approaches (EGS or closed-loop) where the eventual application would be for direct use of the thermal energy and not electric power generation.
Topic Area 6: Drilling for Next-Generation and Hydrothermal Resource Exploration, Characterization, and Confirmation
Drilling of reservoir depth resource exploration, characterization, and confirmation well(s) to gather data, information, and tests for next-generation or hydrothermal development, where sufficient site-specific data are available to suggest the potential for geothermal energy production. Preference will be given for previously unexamined geologic formations or locations.